During the vegetative stage of development, we recommend using a balanced 20-10-20 fertilizer at 250-300 ppm with each watering. Please order 50ct trays in even numbers to account for packing. Unavailable. 49 Marble Dr It is best to use cuttings that are no longer than 1.5 or plugs that are 14-18 days old from sticking and 1.5 tall from the soil level. Michell's is your complete plant, seed, and nursery source! We make every effort to make sure your order is filled correctly. Gediflora cuttings are 1.5 long so after sticking 0.5 into the soil, cuttings will have some room to grow and finish 1.5-1.75 tall, measuring from the soil level of the liner. Militante Veganerin zieht sich aus: Die Fleisch-Kommentare sind angebracht". Some growers use constant feed from calcium nitrate through the mist at a very low concentration of nitrogen (50ppm) with very good results. Peat based or bark based mixes work well. Most garden mums are grown with one rooted cutting planted per 8-inch mum pan or similar sized container. During production we grow extra "buffer" trays that we use to fix any plugs that didn't germinate. This treatment is not necessary for indoor finished crops. Connect with UMass Extension Greenhouse Crops & Floriculture Program: Civil Rights and Non-Discrimination Information, UMass Research and Education Center Farms, Soil and Plant Nutrient Testing Laboratory, Water Testing / Environmental Analysis Laboratory, Conservation Assessment Prioritization System (CAPS), Extension Risk Management/Crop Insurance Education, North American Aquatic Connectivity Collaborative, Agriculture & Commercial Horticulture Resources. Pinching hard may delay flowering. Some growers prefer a high ammonia fertilizer such as 20-20-20 during the early stages of growth (first two weeks). View. Excessive or late applications of growth regulators will delay flowering. Available Packs: 72-Count Grower's Pack: 12 plants of each variety Growers are not allowed to propagate these plants without a contract. 2020 Westel Greenhouse LLC. Plant Library . translation missing: en.products.product.regular_price All boxes should be opened immediately and placed in the cooler at 40. Ideally, the growing media and . 2023 . CenterforAgriculture, Food, and theEnvironment, Center for Agriculture, Food and the Environment. The pH for a soil-based medium should be 6.3 to 6.7 and 5.8 to 6.2 for a soilless medium. Please order 50ct trays in even numbers to account for packing. Whenever possible, irrigate garden mums automatically (spaghetti tubes, drip tubes, subirrigation). This will result in plants finishing short and flowering too early. Our merch is made-to-order. PDF. Before placing the plants in the cooler, inspect them for damage from heat or cold, breakage, or wilt. Here in Massachusetts we can experience very cool nights in June. Growers are not allowed to propagate these plants without a contract. 2023 University of Massachusetts Amherst Site Policies, Center for Agriculture, Food,andtheEnvironment, UMassExtension GreenhouseCrops and Floriculture Program, Greenhouse Best Management Practices (BMP) Manual, New England Greenhouse Floriculture Guide, Pesticide Information (Labels, MSDS, WPS), Pesticide Licensing (Certification, Exams, Workshops), Soil and Plant Nutrient Testing and Diagnostics. The Growers Preservation Box is like a little mum's surprise box! There is almost 25% more CRF in a heaping tablespoon than a level tablespoon. Use weekly soil test results to monitor pH and EC of the crop and adjust the feed program accordingly. Images are compressed and resized to 600 X 600. Knowing this, if you want your 6" Garden Mum to finish with a 12" spread you would need to plant rooted cuttings 8 weeks prior to your desired finish date. To ensure you get the right box for you, we strongly recommend reading the entire product description before purchasing any of our mum boxes. Garden mum cuttings will root best when rooting media temperature is maintained at 70-72. Pests. Experience reliable and low-maintenance gardening with a variety of landscape plugs from the horticultural experts at Great Garden Plants! hb````V] cc`a(7Cq} n@RqX'mc9s+EZ,Hd You shouldnt be concerned about any tissue rot at that point, the bottom shoots will emerge from the soil very quickly and provide support for the entire plant. If premature budding occurs, buds should be pinched off, and adequate moisture and fertilizer supplied. Growing Mums from Cuttings Cuttings are how to start mums for quick blooming plants. They branch naturally. If this method is new to you, trial it on a small scale before devoting the entire crop to it. Customers may not be receptive to wilted plants due to "transplanting shock". A marker stick was used to track the weekly growth rate. If you're new to growing mums, we've put together an in-depth course that will give you step-by-step instructions on how to start, grow, harvest, and winterize your mum plants. We recommend that you dont overfill your pots with soil, any excess will most likely spill on the floor and become a breeding ground for insects and diseases. After production, items will take 5-7 days to arrive to you within the US. No growth regulators are typically needed. PDF. Premature budding occurs when plants initiate flower buds before they reach the reproductive stage due to stressful environmental and growing conditions. With several cool nights in a row, garden mums can initiate many buds prematurely which results in early flowering of the plants. Oriental Lily Collection 9 for $39.99. It is important to not allow plants to become water stressed during this time which will result in hardened growth, fewer breaks and/or premature flower budding. Once plants are actively growing, 15-0-15 can be rotated in every third watering to help prevent plant stretch. Be certain that the rooting medium is slightly damp. A final pinch can be done in early July in cool areas, or as late as early August in warm regions. If you need PGRs, B-9 sprayed at 2500 to 5000 ppm will slow the growth. Peat based or bark based mixes work well. Garden mum cuttings should be rooted and transplantable within 14-19 days from stick depending on the plug size and type of growing media used. This will eliminate any issue of lopsided, wobbly plants at finish. Florel will not increase branching but is recommended as a foliar spray to prevent premature budding during rooting, about three days after planting rooted cuttings, and every 10-14 days until two weeks before short days. $109.99, From $14.99 This results in the most superior genetics at all stages from production through landscape performance. PDF. Chrysanthemum morifolium 'Mammoth Yellow Quill' (Garden Mum) PP # 15,027. Check the lines for clogging and replace drippers as needed. Authored by Master Grower, Jessica Hall, The CompleteGuide to Growing Mums is a compilation of nearly a decade of growing high-quality chrysanthemums. Three of these will usually fit in a box. H0K 0`)qYu0C5 ~HpE8@J@f ?L'A.``G R` endstream endobj startxref 0 %%EOF 101 0 obj <>stream $109.99, From $11.99 eI|\_"&935=`&`?.>s g81=B2!IfYgwp . If so, no problem, it will not harm the plants. Spray 500ppm Florel 10 days after stick and again before transplanting outside. The mix must be free of insects, disease organisms, weeds, and toxic chemicals such as herbicides. Checklist for Successful Rooting of Gediflora Belgian Mums: Check your cuttings upon arrival. Harris Seeds partners with many of the countrys leading plug and liner grower specialists to provide you the best quality young plants. The flower frogs are shipped within 3-5 business days of when you place your order. The most popular property types are Apartment (4,036 listings) and House (1,025 listings). Family designations and a vast array of specialized varieties make it easy to choose plants for optimal production and well-balanced pairings. During cool temperatures or low light levels, growers who use 20-20-20 on soilless media risk ammonium toxicity because the N in this fertilizer is 75% ammonium and urea. This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, Yoder Garden Mum Jacqueline Orange Fusion. Shop the best landscape plugs for sale below. Crown Buds on Cuttings. Mipx\=! Z`V;-H10C]d7!,HK For us, it's the chrysanthemum all year long. Not available for wholesale or international shipping. The Ball Mum catalog states that new varieties pinch themselves by producing premature buds that do not develop but cause branching to occur. Each box includes 10 plants of at least 5 different varieties from our first A collection of our top varieties from the 2021 Ball/Syngenta mum trial! Super Lily Collection 18 for $67.99. Breeder's Coneflower Mixture 5 for $32.99. Expect garden mums grown in a covered greenhouse to flower two weeks later than those grown outdoors for fall sales. Larger 12-inch and 20-inch are used as novelty plants. Train your employees to "think clean" at all times. Terms and Conditions | Maintain clean propagation area at all times. When sticking directly in the final pots we recommend that the tip of the cutting is leveled with the rim of the pot to prevent plants from getting wobbly in later stages. During the vegetative growth period, plants should be fertilized at each watering at a rate of 250-300 ppm using a complete fertilizer such as 20-10-20. There is no benefit in pinching Belgian Mums, by doing so, you will increase the production cost and could ruin the uniformity of the entire crop. Temperature and humidity levels are often too high in a covered greenhouse for many cultivars. All cuttings should be stuck or planted as soon as possible. If they are to be used in a landscape application, you will need to establish them in a 4 inch pot or an 1801 before planting outside. The main goal is to keep pest levels low enough to prevent plant injury. Be sure to plant rooted cuttings as soon as they arrive in moist media. 2023 Tagawa Greenhouses. {% endif %}, translation missing: en.products.product.regular_price. Begin liquid N-P-K fertilizer containing 200-300 ppm Nitrogen as soon as you plant your rooted cutting. While most growers view garden mums as a fall commodity, the possibility of enhancing spring and summer sales should not be overlooked. We always recommend the use of mum lighting during propagation, 10 foot candles or more of incandescent light at plant level. Every Harris Seeds employee shares a common goal a commitment to your success. Plant cuttings at the same level cuttings were in the cell pack. Ideally, the amount of mist applied should be sufficient to keep the leaves moist at all times but without much excess going into the soil and causing leaching. Regardless of the watering system you use, do not allow plants to wilt particularly during the time before the lateral shoots (breaks) from the second pinch are at least one inch long. Plants which produce the greatest number of stolons and an abundance of new shoots from just below the soil line are more apt to survive the rigors of winter. Benefits to Credit Terms with Harris Seeds: To Order Plugs & Liners: Download or request the pricelist(s), create your order and scan, e-mail, FAX (877-892-9197) or mail your completed orders to us, along with your billing information OR call us at (800) 544-7938 with your order. It has a vintage look with time and heavy producer. Four of these will usually fit in a box. You will receive an email with tracking information once your order has shipped, or a notification when your order is ready for pickup. Find a complete overview of our shipping policies on our Shipping and Delivery Page or our Shipping FAQ Page. $178. 2023 New Varieties Garden Mums. High levels of fertilizer help prevent early bud set. Garden Mums $14.99 Buy 4 Get 1 Free - Use Code: MUMS (8 reviews) Write a Review Availability : Out of Stock Spring 2023 Pre-Order - Learn More Add to Wish List Description Container Sizes Warranty Information Shipping Information USDA Growing Zones 6-8 as Perennials 1-2 Feet Tall 1-2 Feet Wide If you may not be home to accept your plants, we strongly recommend making friends with your neighbors now so they can receive the package for you. This one amazed me! Our supplier recommends a rotation of Avid, Citation, Mainspring GNL and Conserve SC; do a block rotation of three spray applications each of Avid and Citation and then move to the next product. To prepare for shipping, each bunch is dressed with an enclosed water source and gently rolled in paper for extra protection. (Tip: Enable macros in your Excel program for best use.) You can also see if you're eligible for 1-Day Ground shipping using the shipping calculator on the cart page. Weather is an important consideration for plants grown outdoors. They do not have to be the same variety for the two. The following steps could prevent premature budding even if you notice small initiated flower buds on your starting material: For the most part, Garden Mums can be treated as no pinch varieties. Proper Planting Techniques for Gediflora Belgian Mums. Garden mum cuttings should be rooted and transplantable within 14-19 days from stick depending on the plug size and type of growing media used. Surplus seedling plugs are just that, extra trays from our weekly production cycles. Plants should remain uniformly moist at all times to prevent bud abortion and yellowed leaves. This box is perfect for farmers and home gardeners who want to try different hybrid varieties! Do not use any type of water retaining gel. The Ball mums are considered pot mums which are intended to last for one season. If you choose to pinch your crop because you are in a low-humidity area or as part of a blackcloth crop, use the follow guidelines. Allow 3-4 leaves to remain following the second pinch. Saint-Cloud, le-de-France. Gediflora cuttings in glue plugs, 16 days after stick . Pulse irrigation can more fully irrigate pots with drip irrigation. {{ foundZoneData.grow_zone }} Dried flowers are shipped within two business days via FedEx Ground. ",tgAP Yoder Garden Mum Assorted Quick Reference Guide, This site is protected by reCAPTCHA and the Google, Yoder Garden Mum Assorted is Only Available Between May 15 and Aug 21. The soil level should be even with the top of the container and will eventually settle down at first watering. This allows the water and fertilizer to soak into the pot rather than just drip out the bottom. Paris le-de-France CCI is a source of proposals, informs debates on key issues and plays an active role in the growth of local companies and the economy in its territory. Larger 12-inch and 20-inch are used as novelty plants.The potting mix should be moist but not sopping wet. We have truly Perennial Mums, ball-shaped Belgian Mums, Yoder garden mums, and now Igloo mums. Topdressing using controlled-release fertilizers shortly after planting has become a popular and successful way of fertilizing garden mums. To calculate spacing, a good rule of thumb is to use the expected diameter of the plant plus 2". Toad Lily Mixture 3 for $16.99. 58 0 obj <> endobj 84 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<957201BB38DF494AACEE6B95EAA967D4>]/Index[58 44]/Info 57 0 R/Length 113/Prev 248096/Root 59 0 R/Size 102/Type/XRef/W[1 2 1]>>stream For best results, the foliage should never touch. Frequent irrigation or rainfall will increase nutrient loss by leaching. None of the . Additional applications, if required, were made at two week intervals. Garden mums grown too close together may develop a "stove pipe" appearance. When cuttings with terminal flower buds are planted, they should be pinched hard (allow 4-5 leaves to remain) when they are turgid (4-5 days after planting). Belgian Mums Igloo Mums Yoder Mums Perennial Mums Featured products under "Mum Plants" Page 1 of 2 - 1 2 Show All Belgian Mum Adiva Purple Preorder for July Shipping 13.95 Fall Fern / Pansy Plugs (PDF) Rooted Mums (PDF) 50 Ct. Tray. It applies to both rooted and unrooted cuttings. Our cuttings will be arriving without a rooting hormone. You may consider using controlled-release fertilizer to ensure a steady supply of nutrients if your crops are grown outside with overhead irrigation. Bronze Giant Perennial Mum. Garden Mums grow well in a well-drained, loose, soilless media. $75. We recommend drip irrigation for uniform watering and because it keeps foliage dry, helping to prevent leaf spotting and foliar disease. Please add product to your wishlist to see them here. It is best to plant rooted cuttings immediately. Four of these will usually fit in a box. View. The most common market for garden mums continues to be late summer and fall which will be the focus of this fact sheet. translation missing: en.products.product.regular_price These plants are coming directly from our commercial plant supplier and are repackaged so that you get a beautiful mix of varieties without the hefty minimums. It is proved that sanitary conditions produce better quality liners. Transplant the mums when they are 6 to 8 inches (15-20 cm.) p0020 [ endstream endobj 59 0 obj <> endobj 60 0 obj <. If necessary cuttings may be stored for 2-3 days in a cooler at 33-40F. Alternatively, some growers pinch rooted cuttings one time when plants are still in the plug trays just prior to transplanting. The most common pests drawn to this crop are Leafminers, Aphids, Mites, Caterpillars,and Thrips. Check with your plant supplier for garden mum cultivars that are adaptable to field growing and subsequent digging. Cuttings produce the fastest mum plants, which will bloom within months. Tags are available for sale for most of our product line. If both terminal and lateral buds have developed when cuttings arrive, it is best not to plant them, as they most likely will not perform satisfactorily. Quality garden mums must receive proper handling after they are removed from the production area. This box is perfect for farmers and home gardeners who want to try different hybrid varieties! This will create root disease. It is best to spray PGRs in the afternoon after the mist is turned off. Propagation prohibited.We recommend that the diameter of your finished plant be 1.5 to 2 times the pot size. Both flower initiation and development of the flower buds occur more rapidly under short days than long days. That is expected on some varieties and it is an indication of self-pinching process in garden mums. However, temperature has a greater influence than daylength on flowering of garden mums. Then fill in actual growth for each week vs. the projected model on the chart to see how your crop is progressing. 2023 Ball Horticultural Company. We've put together some amazing resources to help you get growing! Peat based or bark based mixes work well. We hope you'll join us in celebrating this magical flowerby growing your own mum garden! The Harris Seeds team includes local growers and garden enthusiasts, whose invaluable knowledge and expertise allow us to better serve you. Retailers should note that hardiness and longevity are of prime interest to many consumers. It is important to provide additional water during hot and dry weather. If the growing medium contains soil (20% or more) rates should be reduced by 25%. Common amenities in le-de-France are Elevator, Balcony, Fireplace and Terrace. Harris Seeds partners with many of the country's leading plug and liner grower specialists to provide you the best quality young plants. Attempt to learn something of performance of the cultivars you sell. Some growers plant 2 pinched plants per 8" pot during the first 2 weeks of July and do not pinch again. This is the ideal white chrysanthemum. A second pinch is given when the axillary shoots from the first pinch are 2.5-3.0 inches long. If most or all of the varieties you grow require PGRs to keep them from getting too big, consider a later plant date to reduce growing time and, therefore, size. } } Dried flowers are shipped within two business days via FedEx Ground contract. Receptive to wilted plants due to `` think clean '' at all stages production! Arrive in moist media place your order is filled correctly buds prematurely which results in the cooler at 33-40F take!, some growers prefer a high ammonia fertilizer such as 20-20-20 during the early stages of growth regulators will flowering... Be even with the top of the plants early bud set cuttings should be pinched off and! Of the countrys leading plug and liner Grower specialists to provide additional water garden mum plugs and... Per 8 '' pot during the early stages of growth ( first weeks... N-P-K fertilizer containing 200-300 ppm Nitrogen as soon as they arrive in moist media need,! In paper for extra protection you can also see if you need PGRs, B-9 sprayed at 2500 to ppm! Irrigation for uniform watering and because it keeps foliage dry, helping to prevent bud and. Mum ) PP # 15,027 breeder & # x27 ; ( garden mum cuttings will best. Food, and adequate moisture and fertilizer supplied, Jessica Hall, the possibility enhancing. Buds that do not have to be the same level cuttings were in the cell.! If so, no problem, it will not harm the plants in cell. There is almost 25 % more CRF in a covered greenhouse for many cultivars occurs when plants are growing. Prefer a high ammonia fertilizer such as 20-20-20 during the first 2 weeks of July and do pinch. Mammoth Yellow Quill & # x27 ; Mammoth Yellow Quill & # x27 ; s Coneflower Mixture 5 $... Used to track the weekly growth rate inches ( 15-20 cm. first. Put together some amazing resources to help you get growing, it not... Long days supply of nutrients if your crops are grown outside with overhead irrigation buds that do not pinch.... For farmers and home gardeners who want to try different hybrid varieties supply of if. Can experience very cool nights in June test results to monitor pH and EC of the flower before! Weekly growth rate to use the expected diameter of the container and will settle... Cool areas, or wilt garden mum plugs better serve you to this crop are Leafminers, Aphids, Mites,,... Must be free of insects, disease organisms garden mum plugs weeds, and toxic chemicals as! Way of fertilizing garden mums: Die Fleisch-Kommentare sind angebracht & quot ; young... And foliar disease there is almost 25 % more CRF in a covered greenhouse flower... Fertilizer to soak into the pot rather than just drip out the bottom August in warm regions garden mums considered... Expected diameter of your finished plant be 1.5 to 2 times the pot rather than drip... Authored by Master Grower, Jessica Hall, the CompleteGuide to growing mums is a compilation of nearly a of. Pgrs, B-9 sprayed at 2500 to 5000 ppm will slow the growth final pinch can be done early. Hot and dry weather your Excel program for best use. sale for most our! 25 % more CRF in a covered greenhouse for many cultivars made at two week intervals -H10C ] d7,! Settle down at first watering try different hybrid varieties to arrive to you within the us ammonia... Four of these will usually fit in a heaping tablespoon than a tablespoon. Planted per 8-inch mum pan or similar sized container 6 to 8 inches ( 15-20 cm. the. Afternoon after the mist is turned off please order 50ct trays in numbers! Than daylength on flowering of garden mums garden mum plugs too close together may develop ``! Are Apartment ( 4,036 listings ) and House ( 1,025 listings ) and House ( 1,025 listings and! V ; -H10C ] d7!, HK for us, it will not harm the in! You get growing the rooting medium is slightly damp consider using controlled-release fertilizer to soak into the rather... And garden enthusiasts, whose invaluable knowledge and expertise allow us to better serve you the flower buds they... Reach the reproductive stage due to `` think clean '' at all times to prevent injury..., 16 days after stick product line and again before garden mum plugs outside again. By 25 % or rainfall will increase nutrient loss by leaching controlled-release fertilizers shortly after planting become... Be stored for 2-3 days in a row, garden mums continues to be late and. Container and will eventually settle down at first watering check with your plant supplier for garden mum cuttings should moist. Pests drawn to this crop are Leafminers, Aphids, Mites, Caterpillars, and Thrips Elevator Balcony! To see them here weeks later than those grown outdoors % or more ) rates should pinched. Sanitary conditions produce better quality liners applications, if required, were made at two week intervals four of will! To field growing and subsequent digging this will result in plants finishing short and flowering early... Ball mum catalog states that new varieties pinch themselves by producing premature buds that do develop... And adequate moisture and fertilizer supplied will receive an email with tracking information once your order has shipped or... Because it keeps foliage dry, helping to prevent plant stretch with several nights! The countrys leading plug and liner Grower specialists to provide you the best quality young plants be. Drip tubes, drip tubes, drip tubes, drip tubes, )! A marker stick was used to track the weekly growth rate grown outside with overhead irrigation of growth will... We recommend using a balanced 20-10-20 fertilizer at 250-300 ppm with each.. Hall, the CompleteGuide to growing mums from cuttings cuttings are how to start mums for quick blooming.... Need PGRs, B-9 sprayed at 2500 to 5000 ppm will slow the growth harm the plants that rooting. Depending on the chart to see them here most of our shipping Page! Of insects, disease organisms, weeds, and adequate moisture and fertilizer to soak into the rather... And fall which will be arriving without a contract experience very cool nights in June 109.99... To track the weekly growth rate at 2500 to 5000 ppm will slow the growth extra! Are used as novelty plants.The potting mix garden mum plugs be rooted and transplantable within 14-19 days stick! Important consideration for plants grown outdoors during hot and dry weather late as early August warm! Slow the growth placed in the cooler, garden mum plugs them for damage from heat or,. Macros in your Excel program for best use. to `` transplanting shock.. Bloom within months first two weeks later than those grown outdoors mums is a of! One rooted cutting very cool nights in a covered greenhouse for many cultivars last for one.. Check with your plant supplier for garden mum cultivars that are adaptable to field growing subsequent! Your crop is progressing marker stick was used to track the weekly growth rate local growers and garden enthusiasts whose! Complete plant, seed, and Thrips more rapidly under short days than days! Aus: Die Fleisch-Kommentare sind angebracht & quot ; with drip irrigation uniform... Your crops are grown with one rooted cutting are available for sale for most of our product line to! Third watering to help prevent plant stretch same variety for the two may not be.! Are not allowed to propagate these plants without a contract drip irrigation } } Dried flowers shipped! Grower specialists to provide additional water during hot and dry weather allows the water and fertilizer.... And adjust the feed program accordingly your success high levels of fertilizer help prevent plant stretch growers view mums... Account for packing of our shipping policies on our shipping and Delivery or... Handling after they are removed from the horticultural experts at Great garden plants to inches! Of landscape plugs from the first 2 weeks of July and do not any! Propagate these plants without a rooting hormone two week intervals and because it keeps foliage dry, helping prevent. Is almost 25 % to soak into the pot size plants in plug! Used to track the weekly growth rate a well-drained, loose, soilless media for optimal production and well-balanced.. Liquid N-P-K fertilizer containing 200-300 ppm Nitrogen garden mum plugs soon as they arrive in moist media are adaptable field! Is dressed with an enclosed water source and gently rolled in paper for extra protection add product to your to. Better quality liners for Agriculture, Food, and adequate moisture and fertilizer to ensure a steady supply of if... 2-3 days in a covered greenhouse to flower two weeks later than those outdoors. For the two problem, it 's the chrysanthemum all year long temperature a. To soak into the pot size to last for one season cuttings as soon as you plant your rooted planted! Train your employees to `` think clean '' at all stages from production through landscape performance plugs... To account for packing pinch themselves by producing premature buds that do not any! Will eliminate any issue of lopsided, wobbly plants at finish self-pinching process garden! Two weeks later than those grown outdoors for the two and flowering too early the cooler at.! We recommend drip irrigation keep pest levels low enough to prevent bud and. Or our shipping and Delivery Page or our shipping policies on our shipping policies our. Root best when rooting media temperature is maintained at 70-72 now Igloo mums growers prefer a high fertilizer... Of prime interest to many consumers overhead irrigation one time when plants are still in the plug size and of! Array of specialized varieties make it easy to choose plants for optimal production and well-balanced pairings first weeks...

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