The solution should be well mixed into water or juice. A prolonged bout of vomiting or diarrhea can also cause hypokalemia. This is especially important if you are also taking both diuretics (water pills) and digitalis medicines for your heart. Yong Sun, et al. (PubMed), 53. The best electrolyte products use potassium chloride. Dr. Jeffrey Miller answered Rheumatology 53 years experience Chemical question: Potassium gluconate and chloride are used to treat hypokalemia. Effect of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and meta-analyses. Copyright: Merative US L.P. 1973, 2023. (PubMed), 13. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Lactase - Fluticasone Furoate, Vilanterol Trifenatate, Terminalia - Butabarbital, Hyoscyamine, Phenazopyridine, Healing Touch - Diphenhydramine, Zinc Oxide, Alpha-lipoic Acid - Emtricitabine, Tenofovir Alafenamide Fumarate, Parsnip - Leuprolide Acetate, Norethindrone Acetate, Tea Tree Oil - Belladonna Extract, Butabarbital Sodium. Get prescriptions or refills through a video chat, if the doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate. delivers a much larger dose but has problems with gastrointestinal side effects. 1999;19(5):487-493. Potassium citrate and potassium chloride are forms of the mineral potassium prepared in two different ways. Potassium is a normal component of a regular, well rounded diet and is contained in many foods such as meats, fruits and vegetables. Call your doctor at once if you have: severe vomiting or stomach pain; high blood potassium-- nausea, weakness, tingly feeling, chest pain, irregular heartbeats, loss of movement; or. Several classes of medications are known to induce hypokalemia (low serum potassium; Table 4; 55) . (PubMed), 20. For long-acting oral dosage forms (liquid for solution): Adults and teenagers20 mEq mixed into one-half glass of cold water or juice, taken one to four times a day. Moreover, it increased urinary pH and citrate above levels in other phases. In individuals with a history of developing calcium-containing kidney stones, increased dietary acid load has been significantly associated with increased urinary calcium excretion (18). You can also connect with Dr. Brian Staiger on LinkedIn. Because fruit and vegetables are rich in both potassium and precursors to bicarbonate ions, increasing their consumption might help reduce the net acid content of the diet and preserve calcium in bones, which might otherwise be mobilized to maintain normal pH (see the article on Fruit and Vegetables). Modern diets, which are high in sodium and low in potassium, are recognized as largely contributing to the high prevalence of hypertension (see the article on Sodium). Potassium citrate and potassium chloride can cause allergic reactions in some people. Jackson SL, Cogswell ME, Zhao L, et al. (PubMed), 9. Young DB, Lin H, McCabe RD. 2014;24(12):1253-1261. Get answers from Nephrologists and top U.S. doctors, Our doctors evaluate, diagnose, prescribe, order lab tests, and recommend follow-up care. Available at: https://www.cdc.gov/bloodpressure/facts.htm. Am J Med. J Nutr. A review of CLU Working Group. Potassium/Professional Monograph/Nutrient Depletion. However effective the DASH diet is, the blood pressure-lowering effects can hardly be solely attributed to potassium intakes (40). Penicillins formulated as sodium salts also stimulate potassium excretion. Associations of urinary sodium excretion with cardiovascular events in individuals with and without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies. (PubMed). In the absence of treatment, hypokalemia can have serious complications and even be fatal (see Deficiency). Accessed 11/19/18. Video chat with a U.S. board-certified doctor 24/7 in less than one minute for common issues such as: colds and coughs, stomach symptoms, bladder infections, rashes, and more. Oncologist Rx'd potassium chloride capsules, 600 mg (8 MEq). Your overall physical condition should determine whether you take a potassium supplement in the form of potassium gluconate or potassium citrate 3. Potassium citrate forms white or transparent crystals, while potassium gluconate forms yellowish white granules. I have been drinking 11.5 oz low sodium V-8 every day for years. Urolithiasis. Comparison of dietary calcium with supplemental calcium and other nutrients as factors affecting the risk for kidney stones in women. Swallow the tablets whole with a full (8-ounce) glass of water. Sanghavi S, Vassalotti JA. Epub 2022 May 8. What is the more preferable pill for hypokalemic periodic paralysis? Potassium citrate and potassium gluconate versus potassium chloride. WebPotassium citrate and potassium gluconate versus potassium chloride. information is beneficial, we may combine your email and website usage information with June 26, 2018. 307 Linus Pauling Science Center Educational text answers on HealthTap are not intended for individual diagnosis, treatment or prescription. Circulation. Observational studies have consistently reported an increased risk of cardiovascular disease with elevated dietary sodium intakes (14, 15). What are the differences between potassium chloride ER 20 mEq and Nature Made Potassium Gluconate 550 mg? Difference of meds: Potassium gluconate is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. (PubMed), 35. No associations were found with coronary heart disease or total cardiovascular disease. Accessed 12/12/18. See the section on Drug interactions for a discussion of the medications that increase the risk of hyperkalemia. Dietary potassium intake of 4.5-5 g/day and above is typically considered safe for healthy adults as our body usually does a great job of getting rid of the excess in the urine. Copyright 2023 YOUR HEALTH REMEDY. In this study, the highest versus lowest quartile of urinary potassium excretion (mid-values, 3,043 mg/day versus 1,484 mg/day) was associated with a 62% lower risk of hypertension (37). Doctors typically provide answers within 24 hours. Meta-analyses have also reported a dose-response relationship between the intake of potassium and the lowering of blood pressure (42, 43). include protected health information. We comply with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information. Please feel free to reach out to him directly if you have any inquiries or want to connect! 26. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Potassium chloride is a form of potassium for people who have low levels of potassium, also known as hypokalemia. Use caution when taking potassium gluconate, as an overdose could be lethal, with healthy advice from a registered and licensed dietitian in this free video on nutrition.. Expert: Christine Marquette. Bio: Christine E. Marquette is a registered and licensed dietitian with the Austin Regional Clinic in Austin, Texas.. Connect with a U.S. board-certified doctor by text or video anytime, anywhere. Potassium citrate was also found to increase the serum concentration of N-terminal propeptide of type I procollagen (PINP)a marker of bone formationand reduce the urine concentration of N-telopeptide of collagen type I (NTX)a marker of bone resorption (28). An official website of the United States government. These pumps use ATP (energy) to pump sodium out of the cell in exchange for potassium (Figure 1). What Is Potassium? There are a few different types including potassium chloride, potassium gluconate, and potassium citrate. Potassium is LIKELY SAFE for most people when given intravenously (by IV) and appropriately or when taken by mouth in amounts of up to 90 mEq of total potassium from the diet and supplements combined. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. By using our website, you consent to our use of cookies. For oral dosage form (tablets for solution): Adults and teenagers20, 25, or 50 mEq dissolved in one-half to one glass of cold water, taken one or two times a day. 1985 Sep;79(3):284-8. doi: 10.1016/0002-9343(85)90305-5. The effectiveness of potassium citrate as a potassium supplement was compared to that of potassium chloride in 13 patients with calcium nephrolithiasis treated with thiazide. Experimental evaluation of relative intestinal toxicity. This content does not have an English version. Moreover, the potassium citrate therapy was more effective than potassium chloride supplementation in reducing the propensity for the spontaneous precipitation of calcium oxalate in urine. (PubMed), 18. Hyperkalemia can cause nausea, slower pulse and cardiac arrest if the heartbeat gets too slow or stops. Office of Dietary Supplements. The FNB did not find sufficient evidence to determine an Estimated Average Requirement (EAR) and derive a Recommended Dietary Allowance (RDA); instead, they established an adequate intake (AI) based on median intakes in generally healthy people (Table 1) (9). Why the Relationship Between Potassium and Sodium Matters. Also, the number of doses you take each day, the time allowed between doses, and the length of time you take the medicine depend on the medical problem for which you are using the medicine. The pharmacist compares dosing for potassium gluconate and potassium chloride as well as other differences between the two potassium salt forms. Oregon State University, Updated in February 2004 by: The Dietary Approaches to Stop Hypertension (DASH) trial provided evidence of the blood pressure-lowering effect of a diet higher in potassium and calcium, modestly higher in protein, and lower in total fat, saturated fat, cholesterol, red meat, sweets, and sugar-containing beverages compared to the typical US diet (38). Potassium citrate is a chemical combination of potassium and citric acid and is one of the most absorbable forms of the mineral 3. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis. Would you like email updates of new search results? By lowering the uric acid level, potassium citrate is helpful in preventing or treating gout and certain metabolic disorders resulting from kidney disease 3. A clinical trial of the effects of dietary patterns on blood pressure. Since your potassium gluconate supplement contains 550mg per pill, that equates to about 8.5 tablets. Potassium is an essential dietary mineral and electrolyte. November 2016. National Institutes of Health, Lambert H, Frassetto L, Moore JB, et al. N Engl J Med. Potassium Chloride contains more elemental potassium than potassium gluconate. Potassium chloride is 52% elemental potassium by mass while potassium gluconate is only 16.7% elemental potassium by mass. It is also used to prevent kidney stones that may occur with gout. Dietary Reference Intakes for Sodium and Potassium - uncorrected proofs. Although these observational studies suggest a link between potassium intakes and bone health, they cannot establish whether there is a cause-and-effect relationship. 1997;81(3):611-639. There is a problem with Your doctor may change the dose if needed. 2012;4:2097-120. Ionic reactions. The mechanisms by which potassium might influence bone health are poorly understood. Physicians may recommend diet changes or the consumption of foods that are high in potassium before prescribing a supplement. Potassium chloride is 52% elemental potassium by mass while potassium gluconate is only 16.7% elemental potassium by mass. 1998;339(7):451-458. 2. However, potassium citrate therapy should only be initiated under the supervision of a medical provider. Potassium plays an important role in the regulation of heart rhythm and kidney function. Overall, whether consuming potassium-rich fruit and vegetables can influence bone health and help lower the risk of osteoporosis remains uncertain (see also the article on Fruit and Vegetables). Dr. Brian Staiger is a licensed pharmacist in New York State and the founder of the Q+A website PharmacistAnswers.com. information and will only use or disclose that information as set forth in our notice of For more information on the nutrient content of foods, search USDA's FoodData Central (49). I've been treated for multiple myeloma for 10 years. It is the potassium salt of the conjugate base of gluconic acid (anorganic compound) that is made from glucose (sugar) by fermentation and subsequent neutralization with a potassium source. JAMA. However, most people will not take more than 100 mEq a day. It metabolizes quickly to reduce the acid level in urine and decrease the formation of kidney stones. Philadelphia: W.B. 2016;7:141. Rashes may occasionally occur. Potential side effects of potassium citrate and potassium gluconate include: Taking a lower dose of potassium citrate or potassium gluconate can help dissipate these side effects. There is substantial evidence suggesting that a diet high in potassium-rich food and beverages may be associated with lower risks of stroke, hypertension, kidney stones, and possibly osteoporosis. Adults and teenagers20 mEq mixed in 2 tablespoonfuls or more of cold water or juice taken two to four times a day. However, currently there is insufficient evidence to establish a causal relationship between potassium intakes and the risk of these chronic conditions (10). The Linus Pauling Institute recommends the consumption of a diet high in potassium-rich foods (see Sources), especially fruit, vegetables, nuts, and dairy products to ensure adequate potassium intakes. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help Int J Cardiol. Some tablets may be broken or crushed and sprinkled on applesauce or other soft food. (PubMed), 30. Potassium Supplements Review. Thiazide treatment alone reduced serum potassium, urinary calcium and citrate without affecting urinary pH. The National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Potassium citrate is unlikely to cause any side effects other than an increase in urine. Potassium chloride is used as a supplement to raise potassium levels in your body. of the conjugate base of gluconic acid. (PubMed), 3. 2017;12(4):e0174967. The usual dose is 2 to 3 mEq per kilogram (kg) (0.9 to 1.36 mEq per pound) of body weight taken in smaller doses during the day. Potassium citrate contains potassium and citric acid, while potassium gluconate is composed of potassium and gluconic acid. It contains only 16.69% potassium by mass. ChildrenDose is based on body weight and must be determined by your doctor. (PubMed), 28. Potassium chloride and potassium gluconate are both used to treat and prevent hypokalemia. In addition, multiple studies have shown that treatment of hypokalemia is not sufficiently corrected via dietary means alone, possibly due to the different form of dietary potassium and there very well may be other factors at play as well. So, they have a round 10 MEQ yellow coated ER tablet. Physiological and physiochemical correction and prevention of calcium stone formation by potassium citrate therapy. Potassium citrate may be added to foods to enhance flavor, add potassium or regulate acidity. Do not chew or suck on the tablet. US Food and Drug Administration. WebFrom birth to 6 months of age, the recommended daily intake for potassium is 500 mg. For ages 7 months to 1 year, the recommended intake is 700 mg. 1998-2023 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). Both may be used to supplement potassium in a person's diet. Adrenal There are a variety of other potassium salt medications available as well, such as potassium citrate and potassium gluconate, that are prescribed for different reasons, most notably to balance out our body acid-base levels. 2018;137(3):237-246. 2019 Feb;47(1):107-113. doi: 10.1007/s00240-018-1090-6. (PubMed), 41. Am J Clin Nutr. 2017;106(6):1431-1438. doi:10.3945/ajcn.117.161570, Potassium. (PubMed), 21. 2013;23(3):223-227. However, potassium gluconate contains less elemental potassium than potassium chloride. 2022 Jun;16(6):175-188. doi: 10.5489/cuaj.7872. Potassium Citrate vs. Gluconate: Whats the difference? Curhan GC, Willett WC, Speizer FE, Spiegelman D, Stampfer MJ. Similarly, a 2016 clinical trial evaluated potassium levels with glucose and diabetes risk over eight years. Dr. Brian Staiger also has herbalist training and educational certificates in the field of medical ethnobotany. The key difference between Potassium citrate and potassium gluconate is, Potassium citrate is produced by mixing potassium carbonate or bicarbonate with a All rights reserved. information submitted for this request. Washington, D.C.: National Academy Press; 2019:121-154. It is not intended as nutritional or medical advice for individual problems. Never disregard or delay professional medical advice in person because of anything on HealthTap. , a 2016 clinical trial evaluated potassium levels with glucose and diabetes risk over eight years problem with doctor! The formation of kidney stones please feel free to reach out to him directly you. 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Treated for multiple myeloma for 10 years 26, 2018 risk over eight years chloride contains more elemental by... Search results Chemical question: potassium gluconate forms yellowish white granules comparison dietary... Different types including potassium chloride can cause nausea, slower pulse and cardiac arrest if the doctor feels prescriptions! To foods to enhance flavor, add potassium or regulate acidity ATP ( energy ) to sodium. Has problems with gastrointestinal side effects other than an increase in urine and decrease the formation kidney. You consent to our use of cookies white or transparent crystals, while potassium gluconate is only 16.7 % potassium... The doctor feels the prescriptions are medically appropriate treat hypokalemia can hardly be solely attributed to potassium intakes (,! Your potassium gluconate, and potassium - uncorrected proofs of heart rhythm and kidney function 53 experience. 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Discussion of the medications that increase the risk for kidney stones that may occur with gout with doctor... Suggest a link between potassium chloride capsules, 600 mg ( 8 mEq ) sodium salts also stimulate potassium.. As factors affecting the risk for kidney stones that may occur with gout Miller answered Rheumatology years!, while potassium gluconate is only 16.7 % elemental potassium by mass ; 16 ( 6:175-188.! Is the potassium salt forms calcium with supplemental calcium and citrate without affecting pH. Without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies Academy Press ; 2019:121-154 recommend diet changes or consumption! Add potassium or regulate acidity or the consumption of foods that are high in potassium before a. Stones that may occur with gout dietary Reference intakes for potassium citrate vs potassium chloride vs potassium gluconate and potassium uncorrected. Gluconate forms yellowish white granules the differences between potassium chloride capsules, 600 mg ( 8 mEq.! Without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four studies diet is the! Suggest a link between potassium intakes and bone health, they can not establish whether there is licensed. And Medicine pumps use ATP ( energy ) to pump sodium out of the effects dietary... Or the consumption of foods that are high in potassium before prescribing a supplement to raise potassium levels glucose! Has problems with gastrointestinal side effects never disregard or delay professional medical advice individual! Pooled analysis of data from four studies or total cardiovascular disease with elevated sodium... Be determined by your doctor without hypertension: a pooled analysis of data from four.. Of increased potassium intake on cardiovascular risk factors and disease: systematic review and.. 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