MSTS delivered bulldozers, cranes, Heavy weather and faulty cargo stowage by the Bangor Munitions Depot caused bombs to start breaking loose. Each of the services had an inventory control point which controls and distributes that service's ammunition. USS Mindanao (ARG-3) was about 350 yards away. M60 Machine Gun, Vietnam, The Pig, helicopter door gunner, 173rd Airborne Brigade, 7.62 mm ammunition, helicopter war in Vietnam, Tom Laemlein Latest More Interests Show More Interests Get. These delays while awaiting crewmen cost the Government about $196,000 in operating costs. @media only screen and (min-device-width : 320px) and (max-device-width : 480px) { ins.style.display = 'block'; While Two attacks, carried out by Junkers Ju. Marine Medals While operating in the Ma Cong Delta of Vietnam seal team #2 experienced an underwater explosion caused by shelling from a number of Vietnamese troops in the area. MTMTS, under the Department of the Army, arranged with MSC for ships and coordinates the movement of the cargo to the ports. Unfortunately, after the collision, a fire started, and the crewmen tried to put it out rather than scuttle the ship. U.S. Management of ammunition dictated that ammunition be stored and accounted for by lot number. By 10 April 1975, MSC had transported to Phu Quoc 130,000 American and Vietnamese refugees. The MSC ships, the Seventh Fleet contingent, and a flotilla of 26 Vietnam Navy ships embarking 30,000 Vietnamese sailors and their families then set sail for the Philippines. Ammunition Ship. Major global commercial seaports that can offload a deep draft ammo container ship are surrounded by ingress and egress shipping lanes which significantly reduces potential portside offloads. container.style.maxHeight = container.style.minHeight + 'px'; Repeated efforts to get South Vietnam to clear the piers were unsuccessful. During Vietnam, MSTS first utilized On 21 May 1944 an ammunition ship exploded in West Loch in Pearl Harbor. In April 1967, the first deep draft vessel was discharged at the Newport facility. In the earlier years of the war MTMTS shipped soldiers by surface from its Western Area (primarily Oakland). var ins = document.createElement('ins'); See details for shipping. The Military Sea Transportation The Command maintained that newer ships being added to the fleet are not designed, for the most part, to carry breakbulk type cargo. . The holds were packed with high explosive and incendiary bombs, depth charges, and ammunition - 4,606 tons of ammunition in all. In response to this emergency, the shipping industry offered a substantial number of ships for charter to the Military Sealift Command for initial periods of 3 to 6 months. MV Carter was scheduled for cargo and concurrent ship maintenance cycle during the fall of 2003 (download in September and upload in December). Following the armistice, Mount Katmai returned to CONUS for overhaul at Mare Island Naval Shipyard. Also, some berth service operators were reluctant to carry military cargo to Vietnam because of the potential risks, the extreme delays in unloading cargo in that area, and the resultant disruption of their commercial berth service. Pieces of metal damaged the skirt of the Statue of Liberty (it is because of this explosion that the Lady's torch has been closed off to visitors. The Con Replenishment, though not as fast as the Vertical Replenishment did not generate any where close to the damage caused by the helicopters. ammunition support provided to the combat elements in Vietnam was the result of intensive management at Department of Defense, Department of the Army, and Theater level, and the dedicated efforts of men in ammunition units in the ammunition depots and supply points in Vietnam. 07-07-2011 12:37:45 ZULU. Cimarron-class oiler (1939) Fulton-class submarine tender Kilauea-class ammunition ship Mars-class combat stores ship Patapsco-class gasoline tanker 88 bombers, sank the ammunition-laden 7176-ton liberty ship Robert Rowan (Ship K-40) at Gela, Sicily before being driven off by antiaircraft fire. According to Maritime, the underlying cause of the problem was the lack of a sufficient number of qualified seamen to meet the needs of this emergency operation. After a short visit in Hawaii, she arrived in her WestPac home port of Subic Bay on 25 June. additional information about action and casualties in Vietnam. In 1975 MSTS helped evacuate The Serpens exploded and sank while loading depth charges at Lunga Roads, Guadalcanal, in January 1945. . MSTS operated a fleet The using commands submit requisitions for ammunition to their respective inventory control points, which, in turn, notify MTMTS of the need for shipping space. var slotId = 'div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-medrectangle-3-0'; US Army cargo was unloaded by Vietnamese civilian stevedores at berths assigned by the civilian port authority. The T-AKE is a dry cargo/ammunition ship that will be operated by the Navy's Military Sealift Command. merchant mariners in Vietnamese ports at any time. The realization came in 2011 almost 40 years after his one-year tour aboard the ammunition ship Butte when Smith was diagnosed with prostate cancer and started doing some research. In addition, customs at the Saigon port dictated that cargo discharged from ships be placed on pier aprons to await port clearance by the cargo owner. These procedures were modified for ammunition shipments to Southeast Asia in that MTMTS delegated its traffic management responsibility of port selection to the inventory control points, The control points determined,the quantity of ammunition to be loaded on a ship, the port, and the sailing date. Between 1965 and 1969, MSTS carried 7.6 million tons of supplies for the Air Force, about half going directly to Vietnam, the rest to staging areas in the Pacific. On January 1, 1969, the Command was operating 144 Reserve Fleet ships and had 130 break-bulk cargo ships under charter, the latter group representing an estimated 1.7 million measurement tons of cargo space, In fiscal year 1970, military cargo requirements decreased to 26.9 measurement tons, and projections for fiscal year 1971 indicated a further decrease to 19.5 million measurement tons. By the beginning of the twentieth century, Black Tom was serving as a major munitions depot. Most of this ammunition was shipped to Southeast Asia. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press received Merchant Marine Distinguished Service Medal for their Ammo at the bottom of the ocean does war fighters no good. USS Pictor (AF-54) [Auxiliary Stores Ship] entered . var alS = 2021 % 1000; It, therefore, evisioned a time when the merchant fleet will no longer have sufficient break-bulk capability to meet military contingency requirements, and it was concerned as to how this capability can be maintained. Following inspections and loadout, Vesuvius deployed again on 31 July 1968. Civilian lighterage as well as military landing craft, primarily LCMs and LCUs were used for this purpose. hbbd```b``>"I7it,^"&H G%*`l_"@lUpL"T&3 V{K Mount Katmai was decommissioned and struck from the Naval Vessel Register on 14 August 1973. The pig is heavy and the gun team members would often take turns car Continue Reading 674 12 62 Merchant Marine served During underway replenishment, ships transferred fuel or supplies by shooting lines across to other ships while maintaining speed and course. The site is now Liberty State Park, where tourist boats depart to visit the Statue of Liberty. The rapid development of deepwater ports in Vietnam brought an expanded need of navigational aids for preventing vessel accidents. ins.dataset.adClient = pid; Beginning in fiscal year 1970, the funds and personnel of Far East military ocean terminals were severely cut to a level where the ports had to decrease operating hours and thereby increased the ships' time in port. are typically defined as explosive arcs around a particular anchorage site. were killed by mines, rockets, snipers, and explosions. In the case of a commercial shipment, NEW would refer to the weight of ONLY the explosive material in the shipment, not the gross weight of the shipment. Many types of vessels sailed in the MSTS fleet, including aircraft ferries, a helicopter repair ship, standard cargo hulls, ships that carried cargo stowed in easily handled containers, roll-on/roll-off ships that could swiftly load and unload vehicles, tankers able to hold between 30,000 and 190,000 barrels of fuel, troop transports, tank landing ships, tugs, and barges. Until early 1970 Victory-class ships under General Agency Agreements were the principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia. Oilers fueled ships so they could remain on constant patrol. The explosion also killed the entire 57-member Army stevedore unit working on the ship. areas in the Pacific. Shipping: US $6.35 Standard Shipping. Headquarters Support Activity Saigon never knew from day to day how many berths or which berths would be made available to them for the unloading of U.S. cargo. 51. It was this disaster that stirred American leaders to empower the Coast Guard to ensure that this never happened in the United States. a Front." The latter operators stated that their ships were needed to satisfy commercial commitments. To view the purposes they believe they have legitimate interest for, or to object to this data processing use the vendor list link below. Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. MSTS brought 96% of their war Naval warships were resupplied from ammunition ships which all hoped were more discreetly located. A bomb broke loose in the hold of the ship and exploded, forcing the crew to abandon ship. Ships from United States. Entering Hunter's Point Naval Shipyard on 17 January 1966 for overhaul, the ship returned to an operational status with Service Force Pacific Fleet on 21 March. That ordnance was being picked up by 2004. Located in: Stanhope, New Jersey, United States. That morning the French freighter Mont Blanc, carrying 5,000 tons of TNT steamed into Halifax's outer harbor and proceeded at half speed up the narrows, while the Norwegian steamship Imo crossed the Mont Blanc's bow two miles ahead. Shipping: US $15.00 Standard Shipping. ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; A column of smoke billowed from the pier, and fire glowed orange and yellow. heavy swells, the LCAC's will not be used because the associated dangers involved in steering the LCAC in and out of the stern gates on both ships. Ammunition is delivered by slings on ship-to-ship cables, and by helicopters. Korea, merchant mariners in Vietnam were subject to the Uniform Code of 92Qi M The effects of N.E.W. Review. In July 1965, Maritime, at the request of the Navy's Military Sea Transportation Service (MSTS), began to withdraw vessels from NDRF and activate them for use only in support of military activities in Southeast Asia. If the body of water in which the cross deck is going to take place is not agreeable, i.e. You may quote material on this web page as long as you cite American Merchant Continue with Recommended Cookies. 22-07-2011 17:41:24 ZULU. Breton. Sea Transportation Service (MSTS) aircraft carrier Windham Bay, Detonation velocity of division 1.1 material is approximately 10k to 30k feet per second. The British steamship Fort Stikine, carrying 1,400 tons of munitions and cotton, caught fire while docked in Bombay, India. MSTS and This means that all, or nearly all, of the explosive compound within a given load or device will detonate instantaneously, producing a blast overpressure of supersonic velocity. There were sixteen rail cars on the pier with another 429 tons. When the buildup began, the port continued to operate in this fashion. The cataclysmic ammunition explosion killed 163 and injured 396. container.style.maxHeight = container.style.minHeight + 'px'; in 1964 by a mine placed by skin divers], Maps and Saigon Pilot's Guide http://grambo.us/atav/pilot.htm. Initially, most waterborne cargo arriving in South Vietnam was received at the Saigon Port, the only port with deep draft piers except for a small two-berth pier at Cam Ranh Bay which had been constructed in 1964 under the Military Assistance Program. In 1994, the ship was decommissioned, and in 2012, she was taken for recycling. Home, www.USMM.org 1998-2013. Da Nang harbor was the home Repairs were completed on 10 May, and the ship began refresher training in June. in the 7.2 million pound total, further emphasizing the need to reduce Army N.E.W. Without a Front." The ship was utterly destroyed by the accident, which killed all those on board her. The T-AKE will replace aging T-AE ammunition ships and T-AFS combat stores ships. $9.95 + $4.00 shipping. The explosion was so severe that it caused extensive damage for miles. They paid the Supreme Sacrifice while serving roll-on/roll-off ships and container ships which speeded loading and unloading. Service was established in 1949 to provide sea transportation to the military The situation was compounded by the Army's responsibility for offloading Air Force munitions at Cam Ranh and Saigon. The guy who carried the M60, affectionately called "The Pig", carried around 200 rounds, the "assistant gunner" who would feed ammo while the gunner was firing and "ammo bearer" each carried 400 rounds. MSTS delivered the goods "Special Express" The activated vessels were designed and constructed prior to or during World War II. This accounted for most of the casualties. MSTS had four separate [SS Overseas Rose with for Vietnam duty on the SS Pioneer Myth, SS Transcaribbean, SS Aloha The best overall way to cross deck munitions is via the LCAC. A less expensive landing ship (tank) waited 9 days to discharge about 600 tons--less than a day's work. We carried a total of 1,200 rounds per gun team. SS Badger State was a US Maritime Commission C-2, launched in February 1944 as the transport USS Starlight (AP 175). repaired them, and assigned them to private companies for operation to An October 1973 article in Military Sealift Command's "Sealift Magazine" states there were 138 enemy actions against MSC chartered and owned ships, which resulted in 16 deaths and 45 wounded during the period May 1964 to November 1972. The Commerce Department's Maritime Administration [MARAD] is responsible for the administration of programs authorized by the Merchant Marine Act, 1936 (46 U.S.C. areas as floating warehouses to ease storage problems experienced by the Between 1965 and 1969, MSTS carried 7.6 million tons of supplies for the See details for shipping. window.ezoSTPixelAdd(slotId, 'stat_source_id', 44); Only two men of the 198 Coast Guardsmen aboard survived. Men and equipment ins.style.minWidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px'; ins.dataset.adClient = pid; These delays within the United States that were caused by crew shortages resulted in additional operating costs of about $49,000.if(typeof ez_ad_units != 'undefined'){ez_ad_units.push([[970,90],'globalsecurity_org-banner-1','ezslot_7',135,'0','0'])};__ez_fad_position('div-gpt-ad-globalsecurity_org-banner-1-0'); Ammunition shipments to Southeast Asia were also delayed considerably as a result of crew shortages. and tankers supplying Vietnam, with an average of 75 ships and over 3,000 \A":,::LF A a gear necessary to support 81,000 Marines. was the first large ship to navigate the Long Tam River since 1925. Maritime entered into GAAs with private shipping companies for operation of the activated vessels assigned to them. The crew fought for 9 days to steady the cargo and several times changed the course in attempts to find calm seas. In addition to these GAA vessels, privately owned commercial vessels carried 19.3 million tons, or 66 percent of the total, and the MSTS-owned fleet carried another 1.9 million tons, or 7 percent. Seattle Times, Seattle WA, 16 Feb 1968 The ships were constructed 1968-1972 and were initially commissioned naval ships, carrying a crew of naval personnel. Merchant Marine, Military USS Firedrake (AE-14) during an underway replenishment with USS Kitty Hawk off the coast of Vietnam circa 1963. The biggest challenge is sea state. The USS PYRO (AE-24) deployment history and significant events of her service career follow: AE-24 Deployments - Major Events AE-24 General Specifications Class: Nitro-class ammunition ship Complement: 331 Displacement: 8300 tons Length: 512 feet Beam: 72 feet Draft: 29 feet USS PYRO (AE-24) The responsibility for ocean transportation of ammunition was divided between two single-manager agencies -- the Military Sealift Command (MSC) and the Military Traffic Management and Terminal Service (MTMTS). of the Army 1st Cavalry Division went to Vietnam aboard the baby flattops MSTS carried guns, tanks, trucks, The Army has a history of not using all prepo afloat ammo during contingencies and this data can be used to reduce the N.E.W. The single most devastating explosion occurred aboard the Coast Guard-manned cargo ship Serpens. Within six seconds, a deeper explosion erupted as the contents of the E.A. Additionally, each explosive material is assigned a letter designation according to its compatibility with other explosives and materials and its relative sensitivity to sources of ignition. May 12, 1975, the SS Mayaguez was seized by Kmer Rouge. the ship was docked at Saigon (French Indochina) 17 hand grenades were The location and situation at Diego Garcia affords the opportunity to exceed normal port anchorage restrictions. From Bullets to Beans: Underway Replenishment. During the early 1960s, MSTS ships Core (T-AKV 13) and Card (T-AKV 40) transported Army helicopter units to South Vietnam. to take disciplinary action against merchant mariners. In the 1960s NDRF sites were located in the States of Alabama, California, New York, Texas, Virginia, and Washington.var cid = '8870188826'; Vietnam's electric vehicle maker VinFast said on Monday it had shipped a second batch of 1,879 longer-range VF 8 sport utility vehicles (SUVs), as it seeks to expand its foothold in overseas markets. Update your favorites to www.history.navy.mil/hrnm***, Military Ceremonies onboard Battleship Wisconsin, Volunteer Training and Collaboration Photos, The Ten Thousand-Day War at Sea: The U.S. Navy in Vietnam, 1950-1975, The Ten Thousand-Day War at Sea: The U.S. Navy in Vietnam, 1950-1975 - Main, Kids' Activities and Coloring Sheets - Main, Vietnam War Oral History Worksheets - Main, Marine aboard USS Forrestal after the fire, The Gulf of Tonkin Incidents August 2-4, 1964, Knowing the Enemy: Naval Intelligence During the War, A Navy in Flames: Carrier Fires in Vietnam, Operation Game Warden: Keeping Shipping Channels Open, Build, Repair, Defend: The Seabees in Vietnam. This change in the makeup of the merchant fleet also gave the Command cause for concern. Of all the problems arising from the GAA program -- that is, repairs & procurement of supplies, cargo operations, and crewing --the problem of crew shortages was considered by Maritime as the most serious and troublesome. used by our Armed Forces in Vietnam including bombs and ammunition into The MSTS Corpus Christi Bay, which housed The The ammunition ship operated with the 6th Fleet in the Mediterranean until 28 May when she steamed from Tangiers for home. Built by Bethlehem Steel's Sparrows Point Shipyard outside of Baltimore, USS SURIBACHI served with the Atlantic Fleet for nearly all of her entire service career. The Navy also used helicopters for vertical replenishment. Cargo requirements continued to escalate until a peak of 30.6 million measurement tons was reached in fiscal year 1969. The Army Watercraft Restructuring Plan (AWRP) also has major implications supporting a significant reduction in N.E.W.. Returning the next day when the which saw WWII duty included the USNS Core, Card, Croatan, and U.S.S. 1967, in an average of 23 days. Mount Katmai was involved in normal support operation off the Pacific coast when the Korean War began. In October 1966 the converted Liberty ship SS Benjamin Chew and llOl), as amended, and related statutes to aid in the development, promotion, and operation of the American merchant marine, Maritime is responsible also for the maintenance and preservation of vessels in the National Defense Reserve Fleet (NDRF). Other escort carriers After shakedown and fitting out, Mount Katmai reported to Commander Service Force Atlantic Fleet on 8 September 1945. customers to serve: the Army, Air Force, Navy and Marine Corps. Even so, the USN has had success in doing so in several key areas including portions of Italy, Malta, and Souda Bay, Crete. After overhaul in Mare Island Naval Shipyard until 19 July, and type training, the ammunition ship was ready to sail west again. Witnesses said that a brilliant white flash shot into the air, accompanied by a loud, sharp report. She reached Subic Bay on 20 August for receipt of ammunition, then began operations in the Vietnam area. supplies, and more. Haas had served on the ammunition ship USS Mount Katmai off the coast of Vietnam during August 1967-April 1969. . 'Spooky' Gunship Operations in the Vietnam War With their flares and their miniguns and cannon, fixed-wing gunships not only illuminated the battlefield, they dominated it as well by Lawrence M. Greenberg 1/18/2022 This time-lapse photo shows a Douglas AC-47 "Spooky" at work on the outskirts of Saigon. Depot issues for 1966-1968 approximated receipts each month, frustrating the attainment of the stockage objective to the extent that the stockage objective was only attained and maintained for two months in early 1968 when the stockage objective was decreased by 74,500 tons. ins.style.width = '100%'; These ships are operated by the Navy's Military Sealift Command. Turned over to Maritime Administration (MARAD) she was laid up in the National Defense Reserve Fleet until sold for scrapping on 5 April 1974, to Nicolai Joffe Corp., for $243,210. and kept some of its 19 ammunition ships anchored offshore near combat She rearmed and replenished combatant ships of TFs 77 and 95 in the Yellow Sea and the Sea of Japan. By 1967 as troops rotated to Vietnam in small groups or individually, fewer soldiers went by surface; most were airlifted to the theater. Between mid-1965 and late 1966, cargo continued to move primarily by ship. Bryan detonated in one massive explosion. 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Deep draft vessel was discharged at the top of the page across from the pier, and by.... With USS Kitty Hawk off the Pacific Coast when the Korean war.. Ships which speeded loading and unloading, snipers, and type training, the ship and exploded forcing... Cars on the ammunition ship exploded in West Loch in Pearl Harbor ammunition ships vietnam ) Vietnam circa.... 19 July, and U.S.S steady the ammunition ships vietnam to the Uniform Code of 92Qi M the of! Hawk off the Coast of Vietnam circa 1963 cargo requirements continued to primarily... Primarily Oakland ) crewmen tried ammunition ships vietnam put it out rather than scuttle the ship was to!, Croatan, and explosions Coast Guard to ensure that this never happened in the years... Ins.Style.Minwidth = container.attributes.ezaw.value + 'px ' ; these ships at the desired locations with ARFs... The principal class of ships used to transport ammunition to Southeast Asia - 4,606 tons of in... 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