The action remained secret until it was successfully completed. Changing the day will navigate the page to that given day in history. On July 3, 1951, Hayhanenthen living in Turku, Finlandvisited the United States Legation in Helsinki. [11] They had one child together, a daughter named Evelyn who was born on 8 October 1929. [26] His new passport bore the name Andrew Kayotis, the first of Fisher's false identities. Find History on Facebook (Opens in a new window), Find History on Twitter (Opens in a new window), Find History on YouTube (Opens in a new window), Find History on Instagram (Opens in a new window), Find History on TikTok (Opens in a new window), Current one is: February 10. The reverse side had been made from another nickelone minted sometime during the period of 1942 to 1945. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. [56][57] Also discovered were photographs of the Cohens and recognition phrases to establish contact between agents who had never met before. After serving four years of a 30-year sentence in an Atlanta, Georgia, prison, Rudolf Abel was traded to the Soviet Union for American pilot Francis Gary Powers, who had been shot down in a U-2 spy plane over Russia. Using the alias Emil Goldfus, he set up an artist's studio. [43][45] Hyhnen arrived in Paris on May Day, having sailed from the U.S. aboard La Libert. Upon returning to the United States, Powers was cleared by the CIA and the Senate of any personal blame for the U-2 incident. On 28 May 1957, in a small park opposite Fulton Street, FBI agents spotted a man acting nervously. It was the archetypal Cold War tale - an undercover operative arrested after his. Rudolf Abel, in full Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, original name William August Fisher, (born July 11, 1903, Newcastle upon Tyne, Northumberland, Englanddied November 15, 1971, Moscow, Russia), Soviet intelligence officer, convicted in the United States in 1957 for conspiring to transmit military secrets to the Soviet Union. >> have to thank mark palermo for bringing this to us and the brooklyn historical society. The Mystery Novelist Who Committed a Real Murder, Boston Marathon Bombings Survivors, 10 Years Later, A Complete Timeline of Adnan Syeds Trial, Release, The Siege at Waco, In the Words of Who Was There, Ted Bundy Maybe Murdered Dozens More than We Knew, How Waco Inspired Timothy McVeighs OKC Bombing. It was collecting time again. During this period, FBI agents discreetly tied together the loose ends of the investigation, matters which had to be resolved before this Russian intelligence officer could be taken into custody. Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union 30 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to obtain defense information 10 years imprisonment; Conspiracy to act in the United States as an agent of a foreign government without notification to the Secretary of State 5 years imprisonment. He was given a modest pension and in 1968 published KGB-approved memoirs. The Soviet spy, Rudolf Abel, has written a note to James B. Donovan, his courtappointed defender in a 1957 espionage trial . The KGB Center, with the help of KGB's Ottawa resident, set about procuring two new passports for Fisher in the names of Robert Callan and Vasili Dzogol, but this process would take time. Cain then became a fugitive because his brother's innocent blood put a . On February 10, 1962, American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is released by the Soviets in exchange for Soviet Colonel Rudolf Abel, a senior KGB spy who was caught in the United States five years earlier. At the end of his 1957 trial, Rudolf Abel escaped the death penalty when his lawyer, James Donovan, convinced the federal judge that Abel might one day be used either as a source of intelligence information or as a hostage to be traded with the Soviets for a captured U.S. agent. While every effort has been made to follow citation style rules, there may be some discrepancies. Following World War II, he rose to the rank of senior operative authorized representative of the Segozerski district section of the NKGB and, with headquarters in the Village of Padani, set about the task of identifying dissident elements among the local citizens. [65], Fisher served just over four years of his sentence. Arrested by the Immigration and Naturalization Service on an alien warrant based upon his illegal entry into the United States and failure to register as an alien, Mark displayed a defiant attitude. Rudolf Abel, was convicted of espionage in the United States in 1957 and later exchanged for imprisoned American Francis Gary Powers. Alternate titles: Emil R. Goldfus, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, William August Fisher. What sentence does Francis Gary Powers receive from the Soviet Court? Ill ask the people across the hall, he said. FBI scientists determined that it had been coated with nickel. [37], After arriving in New York, Hyhnen spent the next two years establishing his identity. He dropped this coin to the floor. In the spring of 1955, Fisher and Hyhnen visited Bear Mountain Park, and buried $5,000, (equivalent to $50,578 in 2021), destined for the wife of the Soviet spy Morton Sobell, who in 1951 was sentenced to thirty years in jail. Hayhanen obtained the impression that Mikhail was a Soviet diplomatic officialpossibly attached to the embassy or the United Nations. [27] The only visitors to Fisher's studio were artist friends with whom he felt safe from suspicion. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. Finally, Powers and Abel were waved forward and crossed the border into freedom at the same moment8:52 a.m., Berlin time. The hollow nickel found by the Brooklyn newspaper boy, The coded message contained in the hollow nickel. If you suspect that you are under surveillance, place a white thumb tack on the board.. Please check.. Upon his return to New York in 1956, he found that his carefully constructed network had been left to disintegrate in his absence. None could recall seeing a nickel or other coin quite like this one. [7] While living in the United Kingdom, Fisher's father, a keen Bolshevik, took part in gunrunning, shipping arms from northeast England to Russia's Baltic coast. [45] Escape was complicated because, if "MARK" had been compromised by Hyhnen, Fisher's other identities could have been compromised as well. [2][39][40] Over time his artistic technique improved and he became a competent painter, though he disliked abstract painting, preferring more conventional styles. To exchange messages and intelligence data, they used dead dropsinconspicuous hiding placesin the New York area. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel. Want to read all 2 pages? Making contact with the KGB residency he received another $200 for his journey to Moscow. We strive for accuracy and fairness.If you see something that doesn't look right,contact us! NUMBER 1, 3RD OF DECEMBER.. Argued February 24-25, 1959. According to Genesis, Abel, a shepherd, offered the Lord the firstborn of his flock. In September 1939, Hayhanen was appointed to the primary school faculty in the Village of Lipitzi. WE WISH YOU SUCCESS. According to the lieutenant general of the Foreign Intelligence V. G. Pavlov: The very first chapter of the novel, called The Shield and the Sword, aroused categorical objections from me and R. I. Abel. Hayhanen became a respected expert in Finnish intelligence matters and in May 1943 was accepted into membership in the Soviet Communist Party. At the time he related this information to FBI agents in May 1957, Hayhanen could not remember the Army sergeants name. [27] Fisher, as Kayotis, then travelled aboard the RMSScythia from Le Havre, France, to North America, disembarking at Quebec. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abels chief coconspirator in the United States. He was released in 1962, however, in exchange for the Soviet spy Rudolf Abel. This was the first time, however, that the FBI had ever encountered a nickel quite like this one. Sudoplatov later described this operation as "the most successful radio deception game of the war". Indicted as a Russian spy, Colonel Abel was tried in federal court at New York City during October 1957. Donovan traveled to the Soviet embassy in East Berlin to negotiate the exchange, and on February 10, 1962, the two prisoners crossed paths as they were released on the Glienicke Bridge between East and West Germany. Due to a law that bans construction near the habitat of endangered species, developers kill and hide endangered species found on their land. FBI.gov is an official site of the U.S. Department of Justice. A few Western correspondents were invited there to view for themselves the true identity of the spy who never "broke". [66] At precisely the same time, at Checkpoint Charlie, Frederic Pryor was released by the East German Stasi into the waiting arms of his father. In 1948, Fisher slipped into the United States illegally by way of Canada. Photographs of the hollow coin were shown to them. Abel returned to Moscow, where he was forced into retirement by the KGB, who feared that during his five years of captivity U.S. authorities had convinced him to become a double agent. In 1990 the USSR released a stamp depicting Rudolf Abel as part of series: Damaskin, Igor with Elliott, Geoffrey. Rudolf Abel, was convicted of espionage in the United States in 1957 and later exchanged for imprisoned American Francis Gary Powers. [36] The real Maki had been born in the United States to a Finnish-American father and a New York mother in 1919. The face of the coin was a 1948 Jefferson nickel. The name "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel" was that of a deceased friend and a KGB colonel; Fisher knew as soon as The Centre saw the name Abel on the front pages of American newspapers they would realize he had been captured. Fisher, or "Rudolf Ivanovich Abel", was to serve his sentence (as prisoner 80016A)[64] at Atlanta Federal Penitentiary, Georgia. The detective, in turn, gave the coin to the FBI. [2] During that time he received money from his superiors left in dead-letter boxes in the Bronx and Manhattan. On February 10, 1962, American spy pilot Francis Gary Powers is released by the Soviets in exchange for Soviet Colonel Rudolf Abel, a senior KGB spy who was caught in the United States five. Corrections? He moved to Russia in the 1920s, and served in the Soviet military before undertaking foreign service as a radio operator in Soviet intelligence in the late 1920s and early 30s. In Warsaw, he discarded his Soviet passport and using a U.S. passport travelled via Czechoslovakia and Switzerland to Paris. On 18 December 2015, on the eve of the Day of State Security Officers (a professional holiday), a grand opening ceremony of the memorial plaque to William Genrikhovich Fisher took place in. This also was the case with the hollow nickel. Rudolf Ivanovich Abel ( Russian: ), real name William August Fisher (11 July 1903 - 15 November 1971), was a Soviet intelligence officer. Articles from Britannica Encyclopedias for elementary and high school students. Abel, in the Old Testament, second son of Adam and Eve, who was slain by his older brother, Cain (Genesis 4:1-16). Astrological Sign: Cancer, Death Year: 1971, Death date: November 15, 1971, Death City: Moscow, Death Country: Russia, Article Title: Rudolf Abel Biography, Author: Biography.com Editors, Website Name: The Biography.com website, Url: https://www.biography.com/crime/rudolf-abel, Publisher: A&E; Television Networks, Last Updated: May 18, 2021, Original Published Date: October 14, 2015. The longtime intelligence operative died in Moscow in 1971, his story later revived in the 2015 movie Bridge of Spies. By pooling the coins in their pocketbooks, they were able to give the newsboy change for a dollar. He did, however, remember being taken to a storage room in Brooklyn by his superior, whom he knew as Mark. The FBI tracked down the storage room and found it was rented by one Emil R. Goldfus, an artist and photographer who had a studio in Brooklyn Heights. Near the tavern, he was told, he would find a signpost marked Horse Carts, You will let Mikhail know of your arrival by placing a red thumb tack in this signpost, a Soviet official told him. From 1953 to 1957, though every effort was made to decipher the microphotograph, the FBI was unable to solve the mystery. [68] For the sake of its own reputation it suited the KGB to portray "Abel's" nine years of being an undetected agent in the United States as a triumph by a dedicated NKVD member. Donovan had played an important role in the negotiations that led to the swap. Rudolf Abel was born William August Fisher on July 11, 1903, in Newcastle upon Tyne, England. When Kayotis friends in Michigan heard no more from him, they assumed that he had passed away. He occupied himself with painting, learning silk-screening, playing chess, and writing logarithmic tables for the sheer enjoyment of it. Roughly halfway through his journey, he was shot down over Sverdlovsk in the Ural Mountains. 39. [14], Fisher became an apprentice draughtsman at Swan Hunter, Wallsend, and attended evening classes at Rutherford College before being accepted into London University in 1920. He described Mikhail as probably between 40 and 50 years old; medium build; long, thin nose; dark hair; and about five feet, nine inches tall. Rudolf Abel was born William Fisher in England in 1903. In keeping with instructions contained in a message he received from Soviet officials, Hayhanen was met by Mark at a movie theater in Flushing, Long Island, during the late summer of 1954. He had come to the United States in 1948 or 1949, entering by illegally crossing the Canadian border. As the years passed, memories of the Maki family gradually began to fade, and all but possibly two or three old time residents of Enaville, Idaho, forgot that there has ever been a Maki family in that area. Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree. Among the items he had been supplied by the Soviets were hollow pens, pencils, screws, batteries, and coinsin some instances magnetized so they would adhere to metal objects. [32][69], After his return to Moscow, Fisher was employed by the Illegals Directorate of the KGB's First Chief Directorate, giving speeches and lecturing school children on intelligence work, but became increasingly disillusioned. On February 10, 1962 at around 8:50 a . Soviet agent Rudolf Ivanovich Abel sent and received coded messages that were hidden inside such things as hollow U.S. coins, bolts, and batteries. [7] Revolutionaries of the Tsarist era, his father was of German origins and his mother was of Russian descent. [33][34][35] The thumbtack signaled to Fisher that Hyhnen, his new assistant, had arrived. While his KGB training continued, Hayhanen worked as a mechanic in the City of Valga, Estonia. But if you see something that doesn't look right, click here to contact us! One year laterJuly 28, 1952a passport was issued to Hayhanen as Eugene Maki at Helsinki. On February 10, 1962 it was exchanged in Berlin. On the evening of Monday, June 22, 1953, a delivery boy for the Brooklyn Eagle knocked on the door of one of his customers in the apartment building at 3403 Foster Avenue in Brooklyn. They could shed no light on the case. It is known he occasionally drew attention to himself by indulging in heavy drinking sessions and heated arguments with his Finnish wife Hannah. The proprietors of novelty stores and related business establishments in the New York vicinity were contacted. [4] The other prisoner was Kurt Ponger, an Austrian who had been sentenced for conspiracy to commit espionage. Mikhail, the Soviet with whom Hayhanen maintained contact from the fall of 1952 until early 1954, was yet to be identified. Abel v. United States. Fisher was born and grew up in Newcastle upon Tyne in the North of England in the United Kingdom to Russian migr parents. The Hollow Nickel Case (or the Hollow Coin) was the FBI investigation that grew out of the discovery of a container disguised as a U.S. coin and containing a coded message, eventually found to concern espionage activities of William August Fisher ( a.k.a. On May 5, Soviet leader Nikita Khrushchev announced that the American spy aircraft had been shot down and two days later revealed that Powers was alive and well and had confessed to being on an intelligence mission for the CIA. Just before their transfer, Frederic Pryoran American student held by East German authorities since August 1961was released to American authorities at another border checkpoint. [28] Members of the network had stopped cooperating after postwar security was tightened at Los Alamos. [4] He served just over four years of his sentence before he was exchanged for captured American U-2 pilot Francis Gary Powers. Inside was a tiny photograph, showing a series of numbers too small to read. It had been placed in the dead drop about two years previously, but, by a trick of fate, a repair crew had filled the hole in the stairs with cement, entombing the bolt and the message it contained. [71], Soviet intelligence officer Rudolf Abel on a 1990 USSR commemorative stamp. The U.S. government then used Abel to secure the release of Powers, whose Lockheed U-2 high-altitude reconnaissance aircraft had been forced down near Sverdlovsk (now Yekaterinburg), in the central Soviet Union, on May 1, 1960. After five years in the United States, he dreaded the thought of going back to his communist-ruled homeland. [62] The jury retired for three and a half hours and returned on the afternoon of October 25, 1957, finding Fisher guilty on all three counts. We strive for accuracy and fairness. [27], On 26 November, Fisher met with Soviet "illegal" Josef Romvoldovich Grigulevich (codenamed "MAKS" or "ARTUR"). discuss how the story is a trade in the film. of american history tv, the brooklyn historical society host several experts on the trial. From the long list of possible suspects, the most logical candidate appeared to be Mikhail Nikolaevich Svirin. This man was followed down Fulton Street to a nearby subway station. The agents immediately suspected that they had found a coded espionage message. The newsboy quickly counted the coins in his pocket. He was to deliver a report from a Soviet agent at the United Nations secretariat, to a dead-letter box for collection. Updates? With this data, the FBI Laboratory succeeded in breaking through the curtain of mystery which surrounded the coded message. He also rented a fifth-floor studio at the Ovington Studios Building on Fulton Street. On November 15, 1957, Brooklyn judge Mortimer W. Byers sentenced Soviet spy Rudolf Abel to consecutive terms of 30, 10, and 5 years in prison and fined him $3,000. William Ghenrihovici Fischer. [] R. I. Abel resolutely expressed his firm reluctance to associate his name with such a hero "(V. G. Pavlov, Operation Snow, Moscow: BAFTA Award for Best Actor in a Supporting Role, FBI: Rudolph Ivanovich Abel (Hollow Nickel Case), "Mark Rylance wins Best Supporting Actor in the most high profile British win of Oscars 2016", "BAFTA Film Award Nominations and Winners 2016", A memorial plaque to the legendary Soviet intelligence officer William Fisher was put up in Samara, A True Story of the Cold War: Bridge of Spies, Universal News reporting Capture Of Soviet Spy Col. Rudolph Abel (1957), https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Rudolf_Abel&oldid=1150189193. He also checked a dead-drop location he had memorized. From Los Angeles came a peculiar-looking 1953 Lincoln penny. And, when Mikhail dropped from the scene in 1954, Hayhanen was turned over to another Russian spy, one known only as Mark. Hayhanen felt that Mark undoubtedly was still actively engaged in espionage within the United States! His parents Heinrich and Lyubov were Bolshevik supporters from Russia, and young Fisher helped his father by distributing "Hands Off Russia" literature during World War I. (2001). There could be no question of its accuracy. In 1962, he was. Mark made another admissionthat he was a Russian citizen, Rudolf Ivanovich Abel, born July 2, 1902 in the Soviet Union. Accordingly, passage was secured for Hayhanen on an airliner, and he was permitted to return to the United States. When the New York detective contacted him, Jimmy handed over the hollow nickel and the photograph it contained. The four powers were to discuss tensions in the two Germanys and negotiate new disarmament treaties. After completing a two-year stint with a radio battalion of the Red Army, he joined the OGPU security agency in 1927. The FBIs next task was to identify Mark, the Soviet agent who had succeeded Mikhail as Hayhanens contact man. Letters subsequently received from him indicated that he was in a Lithuanian hospital. During the Cold War, Soviet spies worked together in the United States without revealing their names or addresses to each other, a precaution in the event that one was caught or, like Hayhanen, defected. [25], After rejoining the KGB in 1946, Fisher was trained as a spy for entry into the United States. [48] The Canadian Communist Party succeeded in obtaining a new passport for Fisher in the name of Robert Callan. On May 7, the United States acknowledged that the U-2 had probably flown over Soviet territory but denied that it had authorized the mission. On November 14, 1948, he disembarked from the ship at Quebecand quickly dropped out of sight. Svirin, however, had returned to Moscow two years previously. [58], As Fisher was no longer considered an alleged illegal alien, but rather an alleged spy, he was flown from Texas to New York on 7 August 1957, to answer the indictment. The FBI then turned its attention to Svirin's replacement. [6], Fisher and his brother, Henry,[11] won scholarships to Whitley Bay High School and Monkseaton High School. Two separate coins obviously had been used in making this trick 50 Markka piece. Upon opening the coin a square of microfilm was revealed. Count One (Conspiracy to transmit defense information to the Soviet Union), 30 years imprisonment. In 1948, he slipped across the Canadian border into the United States, where he set about reorganizing the Soviet spy network. There were two ladies in the apartment across from the one occupied by Jimmys customer. After decorated service as an intelligence operative during World War II, Abel assumed a false identity and entered an East German refugee camp where he successfully applied for the right to immigrate to Canada. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites. [21] During his interview with the OGPU, it was determined he should adopt a Russian-sounding name and William August Fisher became Vilyam Genrikhovich Fisher. The Lord respected Abel's sacrifice but did not respect that offered by Cain. English: ("Willie") Vilyam Genrikhovich (August) Fisher ( ) (July 11, 1903-November 15, 1971) was a noted Soviet intelligence officer. Hyhnen, Fisher's former assistant, testified against him at the trial. Wait a moment and try again. The FBI first became aware of Abel's activities in 1953, when Abel's incompetent junior colleague Reino Hayhanen carelessly spent a hollow nickel that ended up in the hands of a paperboy. He was exchanged in 1962 for the American aviator Francis Gary Powers, who had been imprisoned as a spy in the Soviet Union since 1960. In Moscow, however, plans were being made for a new Eugene Maki, one thoroughly grounded in Soviet intelligence techniques, to enter the scene. Abel returned to Moscow, where the KGB pushed him into retirement, fearing that he had been persuaded to become a double agent during his five years in captivity by American authorities. Questioned about the hollow bolt, Hayhanen said that trick containers such as this were often used by the espionage apparatus which he served. While the surveillance continued at 252 Fulton Street, other FBI agents made daily checks on the dead drops that Hayhanen stated he and Mark had used. WE CONGRATULATE YOU ON A SAFE ARRIVAL. Soviet spy William Fisher, a.k.a. The trail of the hollow nickel ended when a thirteen-year-old newsboy was collecting for his weekly deliveries. The search for this storage room led FBI agents to a building at 252 Fulton Street. Using this passport, he sailed October 16, 1952 from Southhampton, England aboard the Queen Mary and arrived at New York City on October 21, 1952. Following his return to Russia what happened to Rudolf Abel? This description was matched against the descriptions of Soviet representatives who had been in the United States between 1952 and 1954. I have a sinus condition.. It felt lighter than an ordinary nickel. [37] Fisher was disturbed by Hyhnen's lack of work ethics and his obsession with alcohol. Click to read about one of the pieces of espionage equipment found in Abels apartment. Still using Kayotis' passport, he went to Montreal and crossed into the United States on 17 November. Investigation was to establish that the Emil Goldfus whose birth certificate Mark displayed had died in infancy. However, the Soviets retained his passport, which Fisher eventually used. In April 1957 (the same month Hayhanen boarded a ship for Europe under instructions to return to Moscow), Goldfus had told a few persons in the Fulton Street building that he was going South on a seven-week vacation. Operating as a Soviet spy in New York City, he was imprisoned for espionage following a high-profile trial in 1957. On June 21, 1957, he was arrested by the FBI, and on October 25, 1957, a federal district court in Brooklyn found him guilty of espionage, relying in part on testimony by Soviet Lieutenant Colonel Reino Hayhanen, who had defected to the West and who stated that he had been Abel's chief coconspirator in the United States. And using a U.S. passport travelled via Czechoslovakia and Switzerland to Paris in turn, gave the a! Court at New York mother in 1919 July 2, 1902 in the name Andrew Kayotis the! In Paris on May day, having sailed from the long list possible!, Igor with Elliott, Geoffrey indicted as a spy for entry into the United States between and... Disarmament treaties made to decipher the microphotograph, the coded message contained in the Village Lipitzi... Commemorative stamp [ 37 ] Fisher was disturbed by Hyhnen 's lack of work ethics and his obsession alcohol! 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Of Lipitzi the FBI had ever encountered a nickel quite like this one stopped cooperating after postwar was. View for themselves the true identity of the spy who never `` broke '' the Army name... For elementary and high school students to follow citation style rules, there May be some discrepancies with the residency... Dead-Letter boxes in the negotiations that led to the Soviet Union 17 November to FBI agents in 1957. The time he related this information to the swap a mechanic in Bronx. Hyhnen, his New assistant, had returned to Moscow two years establishing his identity the Red Army he.
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